France under the Merovingians (Between 481 and 715) Part II

France under the Merovingians 2

On the death of Clovis, the eldest son Theodoric, he had the villages of the Ripuarî, the Chatti, the Chattuarî, the Alamanni, a portion of the Salic district to the east of the Schelde, the cities of Reims, Châlons-sur-Marne, Clermont, Cahors: the its center was Reims. Clodomiro had Orléans and Tours, Sens and Troyes, part of Aquitaine and Novempopulona; Childebert the country from Brittany to the Seine, with Angers, Bourges, Paris; Clotario Soissons, Noyon, Arras, the village to the right of the Seine up to the Schelde. There was no collegiality, but each was king of his territory, each was rex Francorum. In 524 Clodomiro died in Véséronce fighting with the Burgundians; the three brothers shared its territories equally. Just as Clovis had succeeded in his conquests of Gaul by external circumstances rather than by his true superiority, so his sons found in the general conditions of Europe the reason for attempting fortunate conquests. Theodoric of Reims looks across the Rhine to Germany, where the Thuringians built at the end of the previous century a powerful kingdom between the Elbe and the Thuringian forest; and towards 529 he attacks the Thuringians. Rejected, he returned to the attack two years later with his brother Clotaire and a reinforcement of Sassoni; the Thuringians were defeated on the left bank of the Unstrut and the country was devastated. A third campaign in 534 eliminated all resistance. Their king Hermenfried was killed, the widow Amalaberga, a cheek from Ravenna, took refuge with King Theodato; Radegonda, daughter of the Thuringian king Bertarius, became the wife of King Clotaire. The whole country between the Main and the Thuringian Forest (later Franconia) was annexed to the kingdom of the Franks. In the south, relations with the Visigoths could not remain good; after the death of Clovis there was no lack of a Gothic attempt to regain the lost territories in Vouillé. But around 530 Childebert entered the Septimania and beat the Goths at Narbonne; in 534 the operations were carried out by the son of Clotaire, Guntario. Then Béziers, Die, Cabrières, Rodez, Lodève were occupied. Later, in 541, Childebert and Clotaire crossed the Pyrenees, took Pamplona and laid siege to Zaragoza, but had to retreat.

More important is the activity carried out by Clodoveo’s successors in Italy. For many years Clovis had seemed to enter Theodoric’s political system. He then tried to link Borgognoni and Thuringi against frank intrusiveness; he had protected the Visigoths, he had tried to prevent the Franks from occupying the towns between the Rhone and the Alps. The collapse of the Ostrogothic kingdom and the war with the Empire offered the Franks the opportunity to set foot on the peninsula. So Justinian like Theodatus made proposals to the Frankish kings to have them allies. Vitige offered the cession of Provence and Alamannia; and Theodebert, son and successor of Theodoric, in 538 sent a body of 10,000 Burgundians to support Maia in the army of Milan: the city was captured and sacked, the population taken away as slaves. L’ a year later Theodebert descended in person with a large army into the Po valley, apparently to support the Goths. In reality he was thinking of conquests for himself: he attacked and vanquished a Gothic army, repulsed the imperials, conquered and ruined Genoa, entered Emilia, until the illnesses that broke out in the army forced him to retreat. Western Italy, however, remained occupied by Frankish garrisons; to Vitiges besieged by Belisarius in Ravenna, Theodebert offered great aid if he had agreed to divide the peninsula with him. After the triumph of the Empire, the Frankish king approached the imperials; when the Goth uprising broke out, Theodebert took advantage of the anarchy that existed in Italy to reoccupy a large part of the Po valley, in agreement with the leader of the rebel Goths, Baduila. The two kings stipulated an agreement whereby as long as the state of war lasted, both kings remained in possession of what they had. But the Frankish king wanted to exploit the Goths, not help them and refused any true alliance with Baduila. Theodebert allied himself with the Gepids and the Lombards and thought about the conquest of the East.

According to payhelpcenter.com, the son Teodebaldo, who succeeded his father as a child in 548, was unable to defend the possessions of Italy from the reconquest of Narses. His representatives in Italy imprudently tried to support the Goths in their attempts against the empire; but the expedition of Leutari and Butilino in 553 did not come in time to save the followers of Teia. The two Frankish commanders managed to cross the whole peninsula from north to south; After having loaded himself with booty in Apulia and Calabria, Leutari returned north, with the army decimated by disease; Butilino, pushed through Lucania and Bruzio up to the Strait of Messina, was completely defeated by Narsete sul Volturno. The Franks for the moment retained possession of the Po valley; but in 553 the Frankish presidencies were rejected by Narses and all the Italy returned to the Empire. Thus this attempt to settle in Italy ended with a definitive failure. Overall, the state of Clovis had increased in Burgundy, Provence, Rezia, Thuringia: sometimes the dream of creating a great empire flashed in the imagination of Roman. Childebert died in 558 and theodebald, son of Theodebert having already disappeared, in 555, Clotaire gathered all the possessions of the Franks in his hands. The sometimes in the imagination of the sons of Clovis the dream of creating a great empire flashed through, perhaps more like Attila’s Hernian one, rather than the Roman one. Childebert died in 558 and theodebald, son of Theodebert having already disappeared, in 555, Clotaire gathered all the possessions of the Franks in his hands. The regnum Francorum regained its unity, but for a short time: in 561 Clotaire disappeared, and the sons divided the provinces with the usual patrimonial criterion. Caribert had the whole west of Gaul, from Rouen to Bordeaux, with Paris in the center; Gontrano had Burgundy and the Loire valley, with Orléans as its capital; Sigebert the region of the Meuse and the Rhine and the Germanic countries; Chilperico the Frankish villages of the north-west, with Soissons, Arras, Cambrai. In 567 Cariberto died and the brothers divided his lands; Paris remained common property.

France under the Merovingians 2